In this post, I am sharing one T-SQL Script to find SQL Server USER LOGIN Information.

As a DBA, we should check the USER LOGIN Information to make sure about the user expiration, password expiration.
Using password expiration information, you can also notify the user before its password expires.

SELECT 
	SL.name AS LoginName 
	,LOGINPROPERTY (SL.name, 'PasswordLastSetTime') AS PasswordLastSetTime 
	,LOGINPROPERTY (SL.name, 'DaysUntilExpiration') AS DaysUntilExpiration 
	,DATEADD(dd, CONVERT(int, LOGINPROPERTY (SL.name, 'DaysUntilExpiration')) 
				, CONVERT(datetime, LOGINPROPERTY (SL.name, 'PasswordLastSetTime'))) AS PasswordExpiration 
	,SL.is_policy_checked AS IsPolicyChecked 
	,LOGINPROPERTY (SL.name, 'IsExpired') AS IsExpired 
	,LOGINPROPERTY (SL.name, 'IsMustChange') AS IsMustChange 
	,LOGINPROPERTY (SL.name, 'IsLocked') AS IsLocked 
	,LOGINPROPERTY (SL.name, 'LockoutTime') AS LockoutTime 
	,LOGINPROPERTY (SL.name, 'BadPasswordCount') AS BadPasswordCount 
	,LOGINPROPERTY (SL.name, 'BadPasswordTime') AS BadPasswordTime 
	,LOGINPROPERTY (SL.name, 'HistoryLength') AS HistoryLength 
FROM sys.sql_logins AS SL 
WHERE is_expiration_checked = 1 
ORDER BY LOGINPROPERTY (SL.name, 'PasswordLastSetTime') DESC

If you do not know about the role of pg_hba.conf file, visit the below link.

PostgreSQL: How to Allow Remote Connection to Connect Database

PostgreSQL also has a one more file related user access permission and that is pg_ident.conf.
PostgreSQL provides Ident-based authentication and It works by obtaining the client’s operating system user name and using it as the allowed database user name with an optional user name mapping.

When we are using an external authentication system, system username might not be the same as database username.

To allow external authentication, We should map the system username with database username and we can also set a map name to hide the system username and database username related detail.

For example,

Go to the PostgreSQL data directory and Open pg_ident.conf file.
You can find below lines:

# Put your actual configuration here
# ----------------------------------
# MAPNAME       SYSTEM-USERNAME         PG-USERNAME

You can add value to map system username and database username:

# Put your actual configuration here
# ----------------------------------
# MAPNAME       SYSTEM-USERNAME         PG-USERNAME
User123         LinuxUser               PGUser

Once you map your system user and database user in pg_ident.conf file, you can use map name in pg_hba.conf file to allow external authentication.

Go to your PostgreSQL data directory and open a pg_hba.conf file.

You can add the map name of system user and database user in METHOD column.
For Example,

# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD
host    all             all             120.172.0.0/16          ident map=User123

While doing your first PostgreSQL login, Have you got an error like: password authentication failed for user “postgres”.

Relax, No problem !
This is very common error for the user of Linux PostgreSQL.

Here,You can access other related and important articles.

PostgreSQL: How to Install PostgreSQL 9.4 on Ubuntu 14.04?

PostgreSQL: How to Allow Remote Connection to Connect Database

When we install PostgreSQL on Linux, by default, no any password assigns to the Postgres super user.
We should explicitly SET the postgres user password using something like below command.

ubuntu@:~$ sudo passwd postgres
Enter new UNIX password:****
Retype new UNIX password:****
passwd: password updated successfully

Now try to connect using postgres user:

ubuntu@:~$ su postgres
Password:****

What If I forgot my Postgres user password?

If you forgot your postgres password, you can login without password by changing “md5” to “trust” in pg_hba.conf file and restart the PostgreSQL server.
After login, you can ALTER postgres user:

ALTER USER postgres PASSWORD 'MyNewPassword';

Now again change your pg_hba.conf entry from “trust” to “md5” and restart the PostgreSQL server.