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Home 2016 September PostgreSQL: Why we should use ‘$$’ double dollar in PG/pgSQL Block

PostgreSQL: Why we should use ‘$$’ double dollar in PG/pgSQL Block

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Actually, The funda of $$ – double dollar is very simple, but Postgres new comers have always doubted about it.

When you are writing a PL/pgSQL function, the body of the function has to pass in the form of a string literal.

For example:

Create a sample table:

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CREATE TABLE tbl_Students
(StudID INT, StudName CHARACTER VARYING);

Create a function without $$ – double dollar:

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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fn_TestDelimiter()
RETURNS BOOLEAN AS
'
BEGIN
INSERT INTO tbl_Students VALUES (1,''Anvesh'');
RETURN TRUE;
END;
'
LANGUAGE plpgsql

We can create a function using single quote and We do not require $$ – double dollar in above example.
But we should not do this, because It is not suggestible to write your function code in single quotes.

When you create your function using single quote, you have to escape all internal single quote in the body.

$$ – Double Dollar:

It is nothing, but just a substitute of a single quote. Using $$ – Double Dollar we can avoid all types of quoting issues.
We can also put token between $$ Double Dollar like: $rnd$ which makes it unique.

For Example:
Create a function with $$ – double dollar:

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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fn_TestDelimiter()
RETURNS BOOLEAN AS
$$
BEGIN
INSERT INTO tbl_Students VALUES (1,'Anvesh');
RETURN TRUE;
END;
$$
LANGUAGE plpgsql

Sep 3, 2016Anvesh Patel
PostgreSQL: STRING_AGG() to Concatenate String Per Each Group (Like SQL Server STUFF())PostgreSQL: Important Statistics Table, Used by the Query Planner
Comments: 1
  1. George
    May 15, 2019 at 4:58 pm

    Literally the best explanation I’ve found on $$ — very simple.

    Thanks!

Anvesh Patel
Anvesh Patel

Database Engineer

September 3, 2016 PostgreSQL$$ double dollar, Anvesh Patel, database, database research and development, dbrnd, plpgsql, Postgres Query, postgresql, PostgreSQL Administrator, PostgreSQL Error, PostgreSQL Programming, PostgreSQL Tips and Tricks, single quote, string quotation
About Me!

I'm Anvesh Patel, a Database Engineer certified by Oracle and IBM. I'm working as a Database Architect, Database Optimizer, Database Administrator, Database Developer. Providing the best articles and solutions for different problems in the best manner through my blogs is my passion. I have more than six years of experience with various RDBMS products like MSSQL Server, PostgreSQL, MySQL, Greenplum and currently learning and doing research on BIGData and NoSQL technology. -- Hyderabad, India.

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